Abantwana abaphumelelayo
Iintsuku eziliwaka zokuqala ebomini bomntwana, kusukela ekhawulwa esuswini ukuya kwiminyaka emibini ezelwe, lixesha elibalulekileyo, nelibuthathaka apho kwenzeka inguqu nokukhula okukhawulezileyo. Eli kroba lokuphuhla nokukhula libeka isiseko sokuba umntwana afikelele kwizinga elifanelekileyo lokukhula.
Ukuphuhla okufanelekileyo kuxhomekeka kubukho benkxaso nesimo esifanelekileo sokukhulisa umntwana, kananjalo nezinga lobudlelwane obuphilileyo obuthi bufumaneke kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bomntwana.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwesisigaba sobomi?
Ukukhula kwengqondo ngokukhawuleza:
Kwesi sigaba sobomi ingqondo ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngendlela engasayi kuphinda yenzeke ebomini. Imithambo yengqondo iqhagamshelana ngezinga elikhawulezayo elikwizigidi ngomzuzwana kuqikelelo nje olu malunga nama 700-1000*. Oku kuqhagamshelanisa ndawonye iindawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ukuze senze futhi siphuhlise imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokubonisa iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukucabanga, ukuthetha ulwimi, ukwazi abantu njalo-njalo. Ukuqhagamshelana okubanzi kwengqondo kunye nokuhleleka kwayo kwenza kubelula ukwakha amathuba okufunda izinto ezintsha.
Imini yonke, yonke imihla, ingqondo yomntwana ilungele ukufunxa ifunde konke okwenzeka apho akhoyo nakokumngqongileyo, nto leyo eqonde ngqo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhleni kwengqondo. Ezo ke ziziseko zabo bonke abantu ukuze bacinge, babenemvakalelo, bashukume kananjalo bafunde.
Ubuchule bokuhlalisana nabantu buyakheka
Amacandelo engqondo anceda umntu abenobuchule bokuphila nabantu akhula ngokukhawuleza kwesisigaba. Abantwana ngoko bafuna ingqwalasela emandla yabazali oko bekwenza ngoku-khala, ukuhleka, ukuncuma nokubhibhidla amazinyo. Xa abo bakhathalela abantwana besebenzisana nabo ngendlela elungileyo, enemvakalelo nenenkxaso, oku kuyamkhulisa umntwana aphuhle. Oku kwakha nokunamathelana okusempilweni nto leyo eyenza umntwana akwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane ubuphilileyo nobuthembakeleyo, nto leyo ebanceda kakhulu sele bebadala ebomini. Indlela obu bayiyo ubudlelwane babantu ebudaleni buxhomekeka kwindlela umntwana awakhuliswa ngayo ngexesha aselula, kungoko kubalulekile ukuba indlela akhuliswa ngayo xa eselulla iqwalaselwe.
Ukuphuhla kolwimi
Abantwana badinga umhlaba otyebileyo ngokolwimi, apho bazothi beve amazwi okanye isigama esininzi esithi siqinise ingqondo yabo ekwazini ulwimi. Kulula ukuba sicinge ukuba ukwazi ulwimi yinto eyenzeka okanye ifundwe ebudaleni, kodwa ke umntwana uluchola kakhulu ulwimi lwakhe emalunga neenyanga ezintandathu ezelwe. Lonto ithi ukuzinika ixesha kuthethwa, kuculwa, kufundwa ngexesha umntwana ephulaphule sesona sixhobo sifanelekileyo ukubeka isiseko esihle esiza kumnceda nasesikolweni.
Kusekwa amakhondo azokulandelwa ebomini
Ngeli xesha libalulekileyo lokuphuhla kwengqondo, amakhondo atsolileyo azakulandelwa ngumntwana ebomini ayasekwa. Ukuphuhla nokukhula komntwana kuthi kulandele isiseko eso sithe sabekwa ngeli xesha lobomi. Oku ke kubizwa ngokuba lifuthe kunye ukubumbeka kwengqondo-apho ingqondo ithi ibenesakhono sokufunda kumava akhokhelela kwinguqu, apho athi ubani akwazi ukuthatha amakhondo amatsha. Umahluko ke: kuninzi kakhulu okufuneka kwenziwe ukunceda umntu akwazi ukuguquka sele emdala. Ifuthe lengqondo yethu nokubumbeka kwamakhondo alisoze liphinde lifike kwizinga elalikulo ngela xesha sasingabantwana.
Yintoni edingekayo ukuze akhule amathuba okuba esisi seko sebekwe?
Iingcali ziyasixelela ukuba bonke abantwana, elizweni lonke, kusukela bekhawulwa esuswini sikamama ukuyoma kwiminyaka emibini nangaphezulu badinga oku kulandelayo ukuze bakhekhe:
- Impile entle
- Ukudla okwaneleyo
- Ukukhuselwa kwingozi
- Amathuba okufunda beselula (ukukhuthazwa nokuhlutshezwa)
- Ukunikwa inkathalo (uthando)
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Umntu onika umntwana inkathalo kufanele amnike ezizinto zingasentla ukuze akheke kwisimo sothando apho umntwana izidingo zakhe zithi zithathelwe ingqalelo kubekho inkxaso ngokwemvakalelo zakhe.
Bonke abantwana, kulo lonke, badinga ukunakekelwa, ukukhathalelwa, nokunikwa ubudlelwane bothando ngumntu ofana nomama wakhe, utata, umakhulu okanye umakazi. Eso sisiseko apho onke amanye amagalelo awadingayo umntwana ekufanele abekwe phezu kwaso ukuze akhule kananjalo aphumelele ebomini.
Ingqondo yemveku idinga kananjalo ixhomekeka kwinkathalo nokukhulisa okufumaneka kakuhle kusapho ngokuthi luzinikele ekudaleni umhlaba olungele ukukhula nokuphuhla komntwana.
Kwenzekani xa umntwana engazifumani ezizixhobo zokumkhulisa kubudlelwane obunenkathalo?
Kukho uqikelelo oluthi isiqingatha ekhulwini lwabantwana eMzantsi Africa abazifumani ezizixhobo nenkathalo abayidingayo kwiintsuku zokuQala eziliWaka bezelwe ukuze baphuhle baphumelele ebomini ngokwekhono uThixo abaphe lona. Oko kuthi umntwana omnye kwababini abazalwa eMzantsi Afrika ingqondo yakhe isekelwe ukuba aphuhle aphumelele ebomini ngelixesha omnye ezakutsala nzima angaphumeleli ebomini kuba esokola ukucinga nokufunda.
Wonke umzali ufuna ukumbona umntwana wakhe ephumelela. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko ezibangela ukuba abazali bangakwazi ukusebenza baphuhlise kananjalo balandelele abantwana babo ukuze bafumane ezizixhobo zokukhula: meko ezo ezifana nobuhlwempu, izifo, uxinzelelo lomphefumlo, ukuba sesisichengeni sobudlobongela, uphazamiseko lwengqondo-nentlala-kahle kunye nophazamiseko lwenkathalo.
Qwalasela isiqalo somntwana
“Ukuba unako ukuqwalasela isiqalo sebali unako ukuguqula ibali lonke liphela”. Iimeko ezithile ziyakuphuhlisa ukukhula kwengqondo kodwa ezinye iimeko ziyakudodobalisa ukukhula kwayo. Iindaba ezimnandi kukuthi siyazazi izinto ezixhasa nezikhulisa ukuphuhla kwengqondo kananjalo nezinto ezisincedisa ukuthintela umonakalo omandla. Oko kuthetha ukuba nabantwana abazalelwa kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga banako ukukhula baphumelele ebomini. Ngoko ke kuninzi esinako ukukwenza eMzantsi Afrika ukuze ilizwe liphumelele. Konke kuqala kancinci, kuqala ebantwaneni, kuqala ngam nawe.
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Lindland E, Richter L, Tomlinson M, Mkwanazi N, Watt K. Early Means Early: Mapping the Gaps Between Experts, Stakeholder, and Public Understanding of Early Childhood Development in South Africa. A Frameworks Research Report. Washington, DC: FrameWorks Institute; 2016.